European Union

Native Bitcoin ownership is outside MiCA scope per Recital 7. MiCA applies to crypto-assets, not the underlying technology (Bitcoin blockchain). Ownership is not a 'crypto-asset service' under MiCA.

Trading of native Bitcoin is not regulated under MiCA. Spot Bitcoin trading occurs on CASP-authorized platforms under general MiCA trading rules, but native BTC itself is exempt.

Native Bitcoin custody falls outside MiCA scope. However, custody SERVICES by CASPs are regulated under MiCA Title V. Self-custody is not regulated.

Using Bitcoin for payments is not regulated under MiCA. Bitcoin does not qualify as Electronic Money Token (EMT) as it is not issued by a legal entity claiming to maintain stable value.

Bitcoin mining is outside MiCA scope. Mining is consensus mechanism validation, not a crypto-asset service.

UCITS eligible assets do not currently include crypto-assets. UCITS ETF for Bitcoin not available. EEA collective investment schemes face restrictions on crypto-asset holdings per ESMA guidelines.

Futures-based crypto ETPs available in select jurisdictions (Switzerland, Germany). EEA availability limited by UCITS/AIFM rules.

Wrapped Bitcoin products (WBTC, cbBTC, tBTC) ARE crypto-assets under MiCA and regulated. See specific asset entries for details. Native BTC backing these products is separate from the wrapped token classification.

BRC-20 tokens not specifically addressed in MiCA. May qualify as crypto-assets if issued by legal entity, or fall outside scope if decentralized.

Runes protocol tokens not specifically addressed in MiCA. Similar analysis to BRC-20 - depends on issuance structure.

Unique NFTs (including Ordinals) are exempt from MiCA per Article 2(3) if truly unique and not fungible.

Lightning Network as Layer 2 protocol is not explicitly regulated under MiCA. LN node operators may need assessment if providing services professionally.

Native Bitcoin DeFi integration (e.g., through atomic swaps, DLCs) not specifically regulated. However, services interfacing with DeFi may trigger CASP obligations.

Institutional custody of native BTC falls outside MiCA scope, but custody SERVICES are regulated. Institutions may use CASP-authorized custodians or self-custody.

Retail custody of native BTC is not regulated under MiCA. Users may self-custody without restrictions. Exchange custody regulated under CASP framework.

Native Bitcoin is not 'listed' under MiCA as it is not a crypto-asset. Exchanges trading BTC operate under CASP authorization but BTC itself is outside scope.

Corporate treasury holding of native Bitcoin is not regulated under MiCA. Corporate activities subject to general corporate and tax law, not MiCA.